Image 1 MRI of  a patient with known rectal cancer .   Evident on the MRI is a very large T3 stage carcinoma, highlighted in purple.  The tumour has passed through the muscularis propria (the thick muscle layer), the subserosa and into the serosa (See Image 2 below), or the outermost layers of the […]

   Adenocarcinoma Image 1 Frontal Chest X-Ray indicating bronchial Carcinoma.  The three yellow arrows in the left upper lobe indicate the adenocarcinoma. An adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumour that develops in the lining or inner surface (epithelial tissue) of an organ and is formed from glandular (secretory) structures.  The purple arrow indicates enlarged left hilar […]

  Image 1 Frontal Chest X-Ray demonstrating a small visible tumour confined to the left upper lobe of the lung with no mediastinum (the membranous partition between the lungs) involvement and no signs of supraclavicular ipsilateral lymph nodes involved.  Findings: Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Limited Stage Disease. In clinical practice and research trials small-cell carcinoma is […]

  Image 1 T2 weighted MRI shows a hypointense lesion (a region of low signal that appears relatively darker) with restricted diffusion.  There is low ADC (which stands for ‘Apparent diffusion coefficient’ and  measures the magnitude of dispersal of water molecules within the tissue), and increased K trans (K trans is a measure of capillary […]

  Image 1 Frontal Chest X-Ray of an elderly male patient.  X-Ray shows a large opacity, an area of increased density, indicating a collapse of the right upper lobe due to a hilar mass or tumour.   ‘The hilar is a complex anatomical structure that appears as a wedge-shaped depression on the mediastinal surface of […]

   Image 1 CT scan of a 58 year old male presenting with epigastric pain and weight loss.   CT scan demonstrates a transverse diameter mass of 3 cm in the head of the pancreas (indicated by the black arrow).  Also evident is dilation of the proximal main pancreatic duct and two areas of hypodensity […]